z4FarNorth

One of the many tribes that lived in the arctic was the Algonquian. The Algonquian farmed a little but were manly hunters. They tapped maple trees for sap in order to make sugar and also fertilized their fields with fish. The Algonquian ate oysters, clams, mussels and more sea life that they caught themselves and ate. The Algonquians played lots of games to keep themselves busy one including the game snow snake. To play the game snow snake the Indians would carve out a flat but slightly curved strip in the snow then would all take turns in sliding a smooth maple wood stick. Whoever slid it the farthest won! To learn more click on the smiley below and he will take you somewhere!

   **These bags were made by the inuit as art!**This smiley picture was found from []

__Land __: The Arctic culture area is around present-day northern Alaska, Canada, portions of northeastern Siberia, and coastal Greenland. Far-North American Native Indians dwell there. Most of the treeless arctic tundra is covered with snow and is frozen. There are temperatures below 0 degrees Fahrenheit 75% of the year. In the arctic areas of North America there aren’t many hours of daylight, and the winters there are long and very severe. There is very little precipitation but winds stir up snow and cause hazardous blizzards and snow drifts. There is very, very vegetation and the soil is usually always in permafrost condition.  __People __: People in this region spoke languages such as Inuit-Aleut, Eskimaleut, Eskimo-Aleut, and Eskaleut. This language family is considered part of American Arctic-Paleo-Siberian. Aleut and Inuit peoples came from many different places. The people lived in snow and ice houses called igloos and traveled and fished in skin boats called kayaks. They also used sleds and dog teams to get around.    __Food __: Along the coasts sea mammals such as sea lions, sea otters, seals, walruses and whales were a major food source. People far from the coast (inland people) hunted small and large game like caribou, polar bears, mountain sheep, rabbits, foxes, wolves, musk oxen, wolverines, waterfowl, squirrels, and marmots. They hunted animals from boats, ice floes, or land and used harpoons, spears, bows and arrows, entangling ropes, and traps. Dogs also sniffed out animals. Natives from the far-north drove caribou into corrals. When they fished they did so from skin boats or holes in the ice. <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> __<span style="color: #92d050; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Villages and Family __<span style="color: #92d050; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">: The extended family was extremely important to the Inuit. If a region’s food supply ran out they would abandon their villages and form new ones in other places. The Inuit had special relationships with non-family members. The men had sharing partners to share food with. There were also song partners. They would perform ceremonies together and sometimes even shared wives. Men and woman had name partners whom they would share names and exchange gifts. The Aleut had more permanent villages then the Inuit and had chiefs. The village chiefs had political power over the entire village. There were four social classes: chiefs, nobles, commoners, and slaves. The chiefs were recruited from the nobles. The Aleut was greatly concerned with wealth and social rank. The social rank was mainly demonstrated by their possessions such as fur, amber, and shells. They didn’t have potlatches. <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> __<span style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Shelters and Homes __<span style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">: Inuit peoples had different kinds of shelters. They had igloos, hide tents, and sod huts. The igloo was only used by the Central Inuit and only in wintertime. It was made from blocks of ice and formed a dome shape. Insulation was soft snow that covered the ice blocks. There was a hole in the top and clear ice was used as windows. Ice covered in fur served as a bed. Usually there was a second dome for a storage room and a third dome as a separate bedroom. Central Inuit summer homes were made of driftwood poles and caribou hide. Alaskan Inuit had year round homes made from stones and sod or logs and sod. These houses often were partially buried and usually circular or rectangular. For framing, driftwood and whale ribs were sometimes used. Windows were made from animals’ intestines. Some groups made aboveground wooden shelters. Lamps made of stone burned animal fat for light and heat. Barabaras were large communal pit houses. Aleut people used them. They were made from wood or whale bone beams and walls made of sod chunks. <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> __<span style="color: #9900ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Transportation and Boats __<span style="color: #9900ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">: Some Inuit people wore spikes on the bottom of their boots called crampons. These were used so they could walk on ice. Test staffs were used to detect thickness and strength of ice so they knew where it was safe to walk or travel. Kayaks were a big contribution from the Inuit. They are light and maneuverable with an enclosed cockpit and propelled by double paddles. Most were made for only one person to use at a time but sometimes had a passenger seat. Aleuts had baidarkas which were similar but had two cockpits. Inuits also had umaiks; large, flat-bottom open boats. Umaiks could hold up to eight to ten people at once. <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> __<span style="color: #ff3399; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Clothing __<span style="color: #ff3399; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">: Clothing for the Inuit was very important to help protect them from the harsh cold. The clothes also had to be comfortable. There are many different materials they used such as water-resistant sealskin, caribou skin. Hides and furs from dog, marmot, wolf, fox, polar bear, wolverine, and squirrel were used also. Bird skins, feathers and animal intestines were sometimes used too. Hooded parkas were also invented by the Inuit. The Inuit people also wore jewelry. <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> __<span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Website __<span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">: <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">[]Americans_of_North_America.html <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <span style="color: lime; display: block; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 48pt; text-align: center;">Music Music was and is a very important part in Native American culture. Throat singing and playing homemade instruments was a daily occurrence in any tribal community. Every day at one point each family would get together and play music away from the cold wind outside. Some of the instruments include the, powwow, flute, drums, tambourine type drums, and a large assortment of wooden instruments too. Without music the Indian culture wouldn’t be what it is today! If you want to hear some relaxing tribal music click on the video below and see for yourself how calming and soothing it can be!
 * Website-**http://www.ewebtribe.com/NACulture/music.htm

media type="youtube" key="SoDpjyze9KQ" height="361" width="439"Click here to listen to a little relaxation Native American tribal music! <span style="color: #ff6600; display: block; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 72pt; text-align: center;">IGLOOS! <span style="background: white; color: #ff6600; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 150%;">The word igloo is the Inuit word for shelter and is a temporary home for the Inuit and other tribes for the cold arctic weather. Igloos are not permanent homes because the different tribes travel a lot and they rarely last for more than a month or two. The Inuit and the Cree usually follow food so the igloos are used for at the most a week. One Eskimo can build a single igloo in about forty minuets and four can build one big enough for a whole family in about and hour and fifteen minuets or more. Making an igloo is really very simple and architects have found no better way to build them. First the Eskimos have to find a good solid but still soft enough to cut area of snow. Then the Eskimos cut out three by two squares of ice four inches thick and then they stack the squares up in a spiral to the top then they fill in the top with blocks of snow. Look below to see a short video of how to build an igloo!


 * Website:** []

media type="youtube" key="R-x5QOSqP3E" height="344" width="425"Watch how Eskimo's build igloos!

Dictionary Cockpit- a sunken open area in the after part of a small vessel. Crampons- a spiked iron plate worn on boots or shoes for aid in climbing or to prevent slipping on snow or ice. Dream Catcher- a native American craftwork consisting of a small hoop covered with string, yarn, or horse hair mesh and decorated with feathers and beads and believed believed to give its owner good dreams.

Igloo- an Eskimo house, being a dome shaped hut usually built of blocks of hard snow.

Kayak- an Eskimo canoe with a skin cover on a light framework made watertight by flexible closure around the waist of the occupant and propelled with a double-bladed paddle

Wigwam- an Indian dwelling, usually of round shape, formed with a pole overlaid with bark, mats, or skin.
 * Website-** Dictonary.com