z6+Far+West

=media type="custom" key="4351869"= The Shoshone Indian tribe of the far west places- The shoshone lived in Californa, Idaho, Utah, and Wyoming. They settled in mostly Idaho.

Houses- The houses were made out of grass, bark or sometimes a hole dug in the ground.

The meaning of the word Shoshone is the valley people.

in 1905, the shoshone were forced to move out of their homes, and were put into a reservation, this was then after called the the trail of tears.The Shoshone is now still waiting to be recognized as a real tribe, as for 100 other tribes. The Shoshone traveled all over the western part of the United states. The great basin was a very hard place to find food, water, and shelter from earth.

Food-The Shoshone ate berries, roots, prenuts,rabbit,Antelope,and Buffalo depending on the area and what it preserved at the time.

Clothing- The men in the tribe wore breech cloth and a belt in the summer and in the winter they wore fir pants and jackets. They also wore capes made from fur and blankets. The women wore aprons in the summer and the same as the men in the winter.

Weather- The weather varried on different areas of the Far West. It could be freezing in one area and dessert like in another. = =

The Shoshone was a very hard tribe to live in with only 8,000 people total in their tribe all over the world. To explore more refer to- [|Http://ww][|w.Shoshoneindian.com/Shoshonelife.htm]..media type="youtube" key="OXTVV9W0e8o" height="344" width="425" By: Emily Sharer ** = = and deer hide clothing in the winter. They would go nude, except for a breechcloth, in the warmer weather. Some of the women wore short kilt-like skirts in the summer. media type="youtube" key="Inhq5yKaTZQ" height="353" width="437" align="center"
 * POMO Native American Tribe
 * __ [|Area In Which They Live-] __** The Pomo People live in the California area from Santa Rosa to the Sherwood Valley. A smaller band of the Pomo People live in the Sacramento Valley and towards the head waters of Stony Creek. These people reside in the Coast Range Mountains as well.
 * __ [|Appea][|rance-] __** Both men and women, mainly the women, are fat with large faces. They are generally short, but taller than others in their region. The men tattooed themselves frequently and mainly on the arms and face. The women would not tattoo as much and only on their chins. The Clothing the Pomo People wore consisted of rabbit skin
 * __ [|Culture-] __** The word "Pomo" means //The People//. There is 7 dialects in the Pomo language. Each shares key words with one another so many could communicate easily with one another. The Pomo were peaceful and unwarlike people. They would trade with the Russian fur traders in the early 1800’s. In the late 18th and early 19th century the Pomo were not brought under the French mission influence. It was not until later in the 1900’s that they were forced into missionaries and onto reservations by the Spanish.
 * __ [|Crafts-] __** The Pomo were expert basket weavers. The could weave baskets as small as thimbles or as big as 3’x3’! They could weave [[image:images.jpg align="right" caption="Pomo Basket" link="http://%20www.californiabaskets.com/.../pomo/P2270020.JPG"]] anything you could think of. They weaved anything from trays and toy boats to headbands and baby carriers. They also carved wood sculptures and stone sculptures.
 * __ [[image:DUCA1H12LRCAV88ZWHCANRG4BACAMP7P12CAOG64O6CAZWH3VICA5YROZACAMSKY66CARXS17ZCAU81PVYCAGQN0CGCAPUFXENCAWFPQFICAO89OUTCAWX72BGCA1VJSHECASBEHS2CA3Y15YW.jpg align="left" caption="Acorns" link="http://abbytrysagain.typepad.com/.../acorns_1.jpg"]][|Food-] __** The Pomo ate anything they could gather. They also ate the wild animals surrounding their towns. They would eat acorns, which they would grind up and dilute with water, as the main source of protein when there was no meat. They would also eat berries, nuts, and other things that they could grow.
 * __ [|Homes-] __**The Pomo People lived in Tule huts. These were large dome shaped huts made with grass and mud sides which were patched up often

=** Chumash Indians **=

By: Jerzi C. Phelps

· They were a hunting, fishing, and gathering tribe · Most of their food came from the sea · They also ate roots, plants, nuts, and seeds · Their most popular vegetarian food was Oak acorn which they dried and ground into acorn flour used to make mush and soup that was eaten on a daily basis · The average Chumash person ate 300 pounds of acorns a year · They also ate chia sage and seaweed ==
 * Culture Facts **
 * The Chumash were some of the first people in North Americamedia type="youtube" key="8F77p1i4Tnk" height="340" width="560" align="right"
 * They have had settlements on the Channel Islands and Santa Monica Mountains for a thousand years
 * Their was once 20,000 Chumash living along the California Coastline
 * Chumash used long wooden canoes called tomols to travel along the Pacific Coast and to fish
 * They were a hunting and gathering tribe
 * They did not farm
 * Chumash didn’t waste any parts of plants or animals
 * Their lineage was traced from their mothers side of the family
 * The chief could be a woman or a man
 * They had pictographs, songs, dances, and legends
 * They enjoyed to play games such as friendly tournaments of shinny hockey
 * They played many dice games which were educational, entertaining, and taught children about diplomacy, ethics, and life skills
 * Food **

· Chumash Shaman used Bay leaves and Willow bark to cure headaches · The Shaman usually smoked tobacco during many healing rituals · They ate Shellfish such as abalone and clams · They also ate sea mammals such as seals and otters · They hunted quails, ducks, bears, and deer · Chumash made clothes and musical instruments out of animals · They usually were not dressed and just wore a belt for tools · Woman sometimes wore aprons <span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· Some people short deer skin skirt <span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· Wealthy men wore deer skin capes <span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· During ceremonies and festivals would wear headdresses decorated with hawks, woodpecker, eagle feathers and seashells and even animal skulls

<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· A home is called an ‘ap <span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· Homes were made from bent Willow poles arranged in a semi-circular fashion covered with Surf grass <span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· There is an opening on the roof to allow cooking smoke to leave the house when cooking indoors due to rain <span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· Door frame is made of whales ribs <span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· Deerskins were hung on the entrance way for privacy <span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· Homes were 20 feet in diameter <span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· Chiefs homes were usually 15 feet larger <span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· They built sweat houses called ‘apa ‘yik <span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· Main purpose for sweat houses was to eliminate toxins from the body <span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· Sweat houses were made by digging large holes in the ground and covered it with a sturdy roof with an opening so men could climb down through
 * Home **

= =
 * Crafts and tools **
 * Tomols or canoes were 10 – 30 feet long and could carry 10 people
 * Tomols were used for traveling and fishing[[image:Chumash_tomol.jpg align="right" caption="A Chumash tomol or canoe!" link="http://www.wishtoyo.org/"]]
 * They used harpoons and curved hooks for fishing
 * Smoke fans were used to get animals out of holes


 * Spears, bows, and arrows used for hunting
 * They could make many different arrow heads
 * Some arrows were dipped in rattlesnake venom
 * They also made stone bowls
 * Chumash specialty was weaving baskets[[image:Chumash_basket.jpg align="right" caption="A picture of a Chumash basket!" link="http://www.sbnature.org/"]]
 * Their weaving could be used as baby carries, storing valuables, food, water, and cooking
 * Women used coiling and twined method for baskets
 * They use Juncus plant stalks that had been dyed by mud or water with iron (to give a rusty look)
 * The designs are a zigzag pattern, stepped lines, horizontal bands of color with one set around the rim
 * Music **

= = They had a great variety of songs for events, rituals, ceremonies, festivals, and everyday life

== = =
 * Singing was the most important part of music
 * Singing was usually accompanied by a unique instrument
 * The shell rattle instrument were made with seashells or turtle shells filled with coarse sand or pebbles and sealed with tar

= =
 * Some percussion instruments were the clapper stick made from split pieces of Elderberry wood
 * The clapper stick was used instead of drums


 * Electric instruments included the bull roarer made from perforated piece of wood tied to end of a cord spun to produce a low end roar
 * Also musical bows which produced an undulating high pitched tone like a musical saw
 * Flutes were made from bones and other materials
 * Flutes varied in size and in pitch
 * Bird bones were used to create whistles
 * During ceremonies dances were performed in honor of the different creatures from Chumash mythology
 * Eagle, Bear, Coyote, Dolphin and swordfish were represented in honor
 * The dancers in ceremonies would wear swordfish skull on his head

[|http://www.chumashindians.com]